Pathophysiology of Acute Pulmonary Oedema Essay

Pathophysiology of Acute Pulmonary Oedema - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that because of the lung’s diminished capacity to oxygenate the blood, hemoglobin is circulated without being adequately oxygenated; in effect, this causes shortness of breath and cyanosis in the patient. With more oedema, oxygen supply to the brain decreases and this causes disorientation and altered cognition in the patient. Dyspnoea manifests with decreased oxygen supply and lung stiffness. The air moving into the alveolar field causes the crepitations and crackles heard upon lung auscultation. With the fluid moving through the larger air paths, the crepitations and crackles become louder. Mr. Smith’s dyspnoea, as was discussed, is caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. â€Å"Excessive secretions and inability to clear such secretions can compromise airways and increase airway resistance†. In physically separating the alveoli from the pulmonary capillary vessels, the swelling or oedema would interrupt the ca rbon dioxide and oxygen exchange. In effect, there is lesser space in the lungs for slow and deep breaths; as a result, the patient’s dyspnoea manifests with rapid and shallow respiration. This difficulty in breathing causes the patient to exert more effort in breathing and in lung filling – hence the increased use of accessory muscles in breathing. His decreased oxygen saturation is primarily caused by the decreased oxygen being carried and circulated to the different cells of the body. Due to decreased volume of oxygen taken in by the lungs and due to the decreased capacity of the alveoli to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen, the oxygen saturation of the cells is compromised and is detected by the pulse oximeter as lower O2 saturation. The patient’s anxiety is triggered by his above symptoms. His difficulty in breathing and other symptoms like his pink-tinged sputum all trigger his anxiety. As his pulmonary oedema becomes worse, his anxiety is also bound to i ncrease. As his anxiety increases, the more that he will seem confused, and later, stuporous. Five core nursing interventions 1. Monitor vital signs every 10 to 15 minutes This is a crucial intervention on the part of Mr. Smith because vital signs are the best parameters of a patient’s condition. It is an essential part of client’s care and it often forms the basis for identifying issues and planning interventions. In Mr. Smith’s case, it is possible to evaluate the worsening or the improvement of his condition through vital signs monitoring. Since Mr. Smith is a critical care patient, his vital signs are not stable and are expected to abruptly change. It is therefore important to monitor his vital signs at closer intervals. Such monitoring would assist in detecting abrupt changes in the patient’s vital signs. In such case, adjustments in the patient’s medication and interventions may be made accordingly and as each incident unfolds. Mr. Smith†™s condition is critical and is bound to change based on each intervention implemented on his behalf.

Precise Molded Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Precise Molded Products - Essay Example I chose Alternative 2 as the best alternative based on the criteria and the pros and cons. Having the whole quality department undergo a new training will definitely help them improve their performances in ensuring quality in the company. Through this training, Bob will be able to refresh what he had learned in the university and function well as the quality manager. With this training, the company will be able to retain its employees who have been working with the company for a long time. Hiring a new manager will not only be costly but is also risky. I think it is better to retain the employees and just improve their performance. Also, the company may spend some money on the training and additional working hours for the whole department but the results will benefit the company in the long run. It is better to invest in human capital today and have the long-term benefits than save money today and continuously incur losses because of the rejects in the future. The top management will hold a meeting and talk to the members of the quality department and ask them about their problems and concerns about their department, the products, and the company as a whole. After evaluating the problems encountered in the department, professional trainees will hold the training. The training will include team buildings to improve the employees’ relationship with each other so that conflicts and communication barriers will be prevented. Second, TQM training will be done because it is now widely used to ensure quality in all aspects of the company. Total Quality Management is also capable of eliminating defects and errors in operations (Stark, 1998). Six Sigma will also be included in the training. This is now a popular trend in management where the data-intensive methodology is used to eliminate defects in the company’s production (â€Å"Six Sigma†). This will help Bob Thomas in lessening the production rejects of the company using systematical  approaches.

Alfred Adler’s “The Neurotic Constitution” Essay Example for Free

Alfred Adler’s â€Å"The Neurotic Constitution† Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most common negative attributes an individual possess is insecurity.   Common among adolescents, insecurity can be exhibited through either inferiority complex or superiority complex.   This paper would present Alfred Adler’s theory of personality which concentrated on the reason as to why an individual develops feelings of insecurity and why this remains part of the individual’s behavior despite them reaching adulthood or old age. Adler’s Individual Personality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result of debates with Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler (2007) developed his own theory of personality which he called as the â€Å"Individual Personality. †Ã‚   Adler believed that it is the motivations experienced by an individual that determines his or her role in society as well as being responsible for an individual’s uniqueness.   Under the Individual Personality theory, Adler presented two psychological conditions which he termed as â€Å"inferiority complex† and â€Å"superiority complex.†Ã‚   These conditions are commonly experienced by an individual during the early childhood years and would eventually lead to the individual to suffer neurosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An individual suffering from either inferior or superiority complex requires an expedient to allow him or her to focus on the uncertainty of his or her existence.   By doing so, the individual is able to do a self-estimation of all evils and considers him or her to feel incompetent, inferior, degraded and insecure.   In order for the individual to find a guiding principle he or she uses either his or her parent who attributed his or her values to (Adler 2007). Based on the study of cause, behavior, manifestation and altered modes of activity, Adler (2007) discovered that there was a link between the individual developing an inferiority complex and the individual having underdeveloped organs resulting to the nervous system to compensate these.   As a result, the individual develops what Adler termed as somatic inferiority and eventually becomes a permanent compelling part of the individual’s psyche.   The only way this could be addressed is through the intervention of a psychologist. Another reason for the development of superior or inferiority complex among individuals is their desire to become what they consider to be great and strong.   This desire then influences their conduct, psychical and physical attitudes.   Oftentimes, individuals would experience temporary denials and discomforts, particularly during the early childhood years.   This leads them to seek the impulse to develop character traits that they would consider as common.    It is also during this period of time that individuals experience feelings of weaknesses, helplessness and feelings of anxiety.   At the same time, the development of these negative behaviors allows the individual to realize his or her strengths which results to the individual a sense of gratitude towards his strengths.   This, along with the development of obedience, allows the individual to develop an accentuation of his or her ego consciousness by assisting him or her to achieve the goal of his or her personality which is to strive for superiority (Adler 2007). Adler (2007) also stated that the parental neglect experienced by an individual as he or she grows up would result to the child developing feelings of aggression and contribution to the individual’s development of inferiority.   This is particularly evident among individuals who have been brought up in large families where the individual has a lot of siblings. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Insecurities are commonplace among each and every individual such that it would seem to be impossible to find an individual who does not possess any form of insecurity.   Adler’s theory provided valid explanations not only as to why individuals possess feelings of insecurity but also why certain individuals are more insecure than others.   Along with his theory, Adler presented factors that cause the emergence of insecurities among individuals.   The first is physical.   Many of people who are insecure are those who are inflicted with what society would consider as physical abnormalities.   They are viewed by society as different and as a result would make them to ridicule and bullying.   Another factor presented was the family.    On one hand, any children feel that they are pressured into following the footsteps of their parents which would let them feel that the only way to be accepted and considered as â€Å"doing the right thing† is if they would follow the footsteps of their parents.   On the other hand, because of the changes in lifestyles of most families, parents tend to have lesser time for their children.   The parental neglect causes the children to feel abandoned and as a result would develop insecurities which they would try to hide by creating an image that they are superior, hence the development of the superiority complex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, society has played a part in the formation of insecurities of an individual.   Most often than not, individuals are not even aware that they in fact possess feelings of insecurity which is why only through the intervention of a psychologist and an open mind would an individual discover these insecurities and work on these insecurities in order to develop a stronger personality which is the goal of an individual. Reference Adler, A. (2007). The neurotic constitution: the origin and development of the feeling of inferiority. In H. S. Friedman M. W. Schustack (Eds.), The personality reader (pp. 42-43).   Needham Heights, MA: Allyn Bacon.

Mans Eternal Search for Affection Explored in The Hunchback of Notre D

Victor Hugo penned a fantastic, picturesque story of passion and the human spirit in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The dramatic emotions of the characters play out on the stage of fifteenth century Paris, France. Quasimodo, a repugnant physical defect of nature, lived severed from human contact, excepting that of the solemnly aloof priest, Claude Frollo. For his part, Frollo strove for knowledge until he encountered the captivatingly gorgeous gypsy dancer, Esmeralda. She existed solely to adore an arrogant captain of the King's Archers, named Phoebus de Chateaupers, for saving her from being kidnapped. Enticed by Esmeralda's dancing to the depths of his being, Frollo outwardly denounced her as a sacrilegious sorceress, but his body raged for her out of lust, accounting for his repeated attempts at having her prohibited from dancing near the cathedral, or stolen away. Esmeralda, furiously in love with Phoebus, nearly sacrificed her virtue to gain his heart, before Frollo gravely wounde d him. Tortured into confessing witchcraft and condemned to die by a court with church officials, the gypsy enchantress obtained sanctuary in Notre Dame cathedral, rescued from the hangman's noose by Quasimodo. At this point, Frollo attempted to claim Esmeralda's merciful and virtuous heartfelt forgiveness for his passion, failing miserably because his efforts appeared feeble and lascivious. Frollo and Esmeralda perished, however, after a storming of the cathedral and gruesome battle, dying sacrifices on the altar of human emotion. How emotion may exist in a studious and solemn man, having only acquired knowledge of books for a score of years, seems impossible. But desire for Esmeralda arrived after Frollo had â€Å"discovered that a man needs affection ... ...her temptation had accomplished this; therefore her cruel effect must have been fate. As she awaited death, one character noticed the incidence of destiny when she remarked that â€Å"‘God has it all written down in His book'† (182). One aspect of Victor Hugo's work, his revelations of themes, philosophies, and morals through humorous characters, seems reminiscent of Sir Walter Scott's usage of a comparable pretext. Through the philosopher/poet, Gringoire, Hugo presents a moral that â€Å"‘the temptations of the flesh are pernicious and malignant'† (276). Certainly there exists some truth to this supposition on a central idea of the novel, the animosity stirred by mortal sensitivity, that during man's eternal search for affection--even when he possesses it, he still craves more. WORKS CITED Hugo, Victor. Notre Dame de Paris. Paris, France. (publisher unknown). 1831.

Zeus and Poseidon

Zeus and Poseidon In Greek mythology, there are many gods. All the gods rule a certain thing. One of the main gods are Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus. These gods are very alike and yet very different. When comparing and contrasting Zeus and Poseidon based on powers, place of rule, and marriages, it is clear that Zeus is the better choice. While both gods are very strong, Zeus is superior in power. Zeus is the god of the gods and thunder. Poseidon is the god of the sea and earthquakes.This makes both gods very powerful, Earthquakes make plenty of damage but thunder is much more destructive. Thunder can commence a fire that lasts for days. An earthquake lasts for a while. Zeus is clearly superior power wise. Comparing and contrasting place of rule Zeus also triumphs over Poseidon. Poseidon’s place of rule is the sea; Zeus’s place of rule is the heavens. The heavens and the sea are both beautiful places. Poseidon has his beautiful creatures underwater. But Zeus lives on Mount O lympus which is gods’ most wonderful place.Zeus feasts on ambrosia and nectar everyday. While comparing and contrasting Zeus and Poseidon’s marriage, Poseidon is the clear winner. Zeus is married to Hera and Poseidon is married to Amphitrite. Zeus was married six times, and he had numerous affairs with goddesses and mortal women. Poseidon, much like Zeus, also had many affairs but unlike Hera, Amphitrite was not jealous. In fact, the myths don't indicate that Amphitrite took much notice of her husband's love affairs.Poseidon triumphs over Zeus in marriage because Poseidon seemed to be more loyal to his wife. These two very powerful gods have numerous similarities and differences. Yet one is triumphant over the other in two of three categories. Zeus is triumphant in power and place of rule. Poseidon is superior when it comes to marriages. This shows that when comparing and contrasting Zeus and Poseidon derived from power, place of rule, and marriages Zeus is the finest god.

Gender Roles During The 19th Century Essay - 1580 Words

From past tales of Victorian monsters to modern movies with sparkly teenagers, the vampire genre has always been used to address issues in sexuality since its creation. Vampires are metaphors for us to project our sexuality and desires onto; they don’t have to follow the rules of society or culture, and because of this they let us examine sexuality and social roles more in-depth than ever before. Earlier texts like Dracula address issues with gender roles in the 19th century, while more modern texts like Interview with the vampire aim to make us question the gender roles and marriage and family structure in western culture. The context of some of the first sexualized vampires was born in Victorian times. The discussion around vampires morphed from religious to social and sexual. If vampires don’t follow the laws of religion, then why would they follow the social roles of society? The idea that vampires are fictional, sacrilegious, or unnatural gives them the context to adopt anything that matches those values. In the 19th century the way that homosexuality was viewed the way that vampires were portrayed, and this allowed the concepts to be combined. This concept was also combined with feminism, as in Dracula, to show that women don’t have to match the strict social hierarchy of the time. Recently, with Interview with the Vampire Anne Rice expands the discussion of sexuality and gender roles with the addition of family structure in western culture. In Brahm Stoker’sShow MoreRelatedGender Roles During The 19th Century932 Words   |  4 PagesTitle Gender roles were sharply defined in the 19th century. Women were expected to stay at home and carry out the domestic duties as well as taking care of the children and educate them and provide a peaceful home for their husband. Women were seen as loving and caring. On the other hand, men were expected to work and earn money for the family. They would fight wars and were seen as strong and powerful. Men had more freedom and rights, such as the right to vote, than women in the 19th century. SocietyRead MoreGender Roles During The 19th Century1492 Words   |  6 PagesAre women considered inferior to men? How does gender roles during the 19th century affect the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper? Charlotte Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, originally printed on the New England Magazine became the model literature of feminism and women’s oppression after its publication in 1892. Gilman in her short story emphasises the roles of women and their oppression against a male dominant society during the 19th century. According to Elizabeth Carey’s article, â€Å"ControllingRead MoreHow Gender Roles Codified During The Victorian England Of The 19th Century?3137 Words   |  13 PagesHow are gender roles codified in magazines for adolescents and young readers in the Victorian’s England of the 19th century? Introduction: In the Victorian and then Edwardian’s England, magazines directed to young readers had a central place in society. Reasons explaining this situation were numerous, for example the industrialization and the decreasing price of paper played an important part in the phenomenon. But one of the most important reasons was social reforms concerning education. FollowingRead MoreWomen s Rights During The 19th Century1507 Words   |  7 PagesWomen’s Rights In The 19th Century The 19th century was an important period for women especially in Europe and North America. It was a crucial time for demand for change and women were at the forefront of it all. Viewed only as a homemaker, women found it difficult during this time to show society what they were capable of. Limitations on their capabilities created by gender stereotypes called for change. To understand the significance of the 19th century for women, one must consider the conditionsRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women956 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessful and independent women in today society is something that women aspire to becoming in the 21st Century. The changes from the 19th and 20th Centuries have been ever changing since the middle of the 20th century. Women who were previously perceived as pure, weak, frail, and submissive have taken on a complete different role and in some instances have gone as far as an alteration of gender roles. Gone are the days of the women that are likened to ladies i n the Victorian era and women with a freeRead MoreVictorian Era Gender Roles and the Development of Women’s Football in England1054 Words   |  5 Pagesin Britain during the 19th century illustrates the transformation of gender roles in British culture in the context of Victorian era values and women’s football: â€Å"‘The Cultures of sport in Britain have been distinctively male, rooted in masculine values and patriarchal exclusiveness’† Through the introduction of female football into British society the system of Victorian values were challenged by expanding gender roles. The institution of women’s soccer in the late 19th and 20th century was supportedRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1089 Words   |  5 Pageshas been very traditional with its views on gender roles. The term gender role alludes to society s idea of how men and women are expected to act and behave. Gender roles are based on norms, or standards, created by society. In American society, â€Å"masculine roles have commonly been related with strength, aggression, and dominance, while feminine roles have traditionally been related with passivity, nurturing, and subordination† (sex roles/gender roles). In â€Å"A Doll’s House,† written by Henrik IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1089 Words   |  5 Pageshas been very traditional with its views on gender roles. The term gender role alludes to society s idea of how men and women are expected to act and behave. Gender roles are based on norms, or standards, created by society. In American society, â€Å"masculine roles have commonly been related with strength, aggression, and dominance, while feminine roles have traditionally been related with passivity, nurturing, and subordination† (sex roles/gender roles). In â€Å"A Doll’s House,† written by Henrik IbsenRead MoreGender Roles : Women, Gender, Sexuality And Other Facets Of Identity1623 Words   |  7 PagesGender roles play as an important role in how the society has interpreted the distinction between the male and the female. The distinction of different gender roles evolves over time, with the constant influence of â€Å"class, ethnicity, sexuality and other facets of identity†. (Judith Butler, 1990) This essay will consider three distinctive examples of how artists have questioned gendered stereotypes over time. The essay will also explore examples of female being represented as male and male beingRead MoreThe Illusion Of Popular Culture983 Words   |  4 Pages The Illusion of Popular Culture In the early 19th century a man by the name of Phineas Taylor Barnum changed popular culture with his extraordinary talent of promoting and advertising. His first success came with a slave woman known as â€Å"Joice Heath† who he claimed to be the nurse of George Washington. If this was true it would put Joice at 161 years old, thousands of people went to see â€Å"The greatest natural and national curiosity in the world† (Perlman 4/6/16) which turned Joice from an elderly

Analysis of the Great Awakening and Revolutionary Thought

Analysis of the Great Awakening and Revolutionary Thought In the 1730s and the 1740s, religious revival swept through the New England and Middle Colonies. Through these revivals, the colonists came to view religion as a discrete and personal experience between God and man which, â€Å"undermined legally established churches and their tax supported ministers.† (Henretta, P. 112) Joseph Tracey was the first person to describe this period of revivalism as, ‘the Great Awakening.’ In 1841, Joseph Tracy wrote The Great Awakening: a History of the Revival of Religion in the Time of Edwards and Whitefield summarizing this period and cementing its name as ‘the Great Awakening’ for future generations. Of the Great Awakening, he asserts, â€Å"Its†¦show more content†¦However, it is agreed that Jonathan Edwards was certainly involved in the beginning of the Great Awakening and George Whitefield greatly aided its spread. Jonathan Edwards was a minister in the Connecticut River Valley who emphasized the i mportance of a personal religious conversion. Edwards communicated in sermons and personal writings in a dramatic and intensely personal style that was uncommon in the 1730s. For example, an excerpt from his biographical Personal Narrative read: Gods excellency, his wisdom, his purity and love, seemed to appear in everything; in the sun, moon and stars; in the clouds, and blue sky; in the grass, flowers, trees; in the water, and all nature; which used greatly to fix my mind. I often used to sit and view the moon, for a long time; and so in the daytime, spent much time in viewing the clouds and sky, to behold the sweet glory of God in these things: in the meantime, singing forth with a low voice, my contemplations of the Creator and Redeemer. And scarce anything, among all the works of nature, was so sweet to me as thunder and lightning. On the other hand, Jonathan Edwards produced sermons such as Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. In this sermon, he paints a picture in which the listener is suspended above â€Å"Hell’s wide gaping mouth† solely by the â€Å"mere pleasure of God† like a spider held above a fire. (Edwards,Show MoreRelatedThe Great Awakening Of The 1730s1630 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Awakening of the 1730s significantly altered the social structure of early Americal colonial society. The laity’s internal subjectivity and passional experiences were validated in regards to religious sentiments. This novel type of engagement of the laity is significant, as previously voiceless social and racial classes were given the authority to proclaim and propagate their interpretations of biblical scripture. The New Lights’ emphasis on the transformative power of the Holy SpiritRead MoreA Treatise Of Human Nature By David Hume1472 Words   |  6 PagesUp until the time when William Blake, William Wordsworth, and David Hume put pen to paper, the most revolutionary lines of thought regarding science and philosophy came from Isaac Newton and John Locke who described humans as passive receivers of a world of set laws ruling passive atoms. Hume pushes this popular understanding of the self to the brink and ends up claiming that one can never comprehend the self. Blake and Wordsworth both vehemently disagree with Hume and believe the self is knowableRead MoreThe Major Contributions Of Dissenting Minority Religions And The Collective Efforts Of Non Elite Followers1497 Words   |  6 PagesFocusing on the major contributions of dissenting minority religions and the collective efforts of non-elite followers, Buckley breaks with the trend of ignoring the vast majority of Virginia colonists on subjects not named the Great Awakening. However, his work slips into the realm of presentism with a strong hint of bias when he discusses the uneasy alliance between colonial rationalists and evangelicals in their fight for disestablishment. Buckley argues that although they agreed on many issuesRead MoreEssay about Victorian Thinkers: The Victorian Sage2333 Words   |  10 Pageshigher kind (Holloway 6). The emphasis was on feelings, and awakenings of those dormant understandings of life that everyone does possess. The formal arguments of logic had to be supplemented by something richer, more varied, more personal; something irreducible to any mechanism or pattern. Mechanical logic was only the beginning of a process that required the more elastic and subtle logic of intuitive thought. For Carlyle, mechanical thought and science was a useful way to deal with many things,Read MoreThe Art of Change - Book Review Essay3307 Words   |  14 Pagesridding solo, making little to no effort in working with others. (Beach, 2007) In conclusion Beach expands the analysis of change leadership. Some differentiations are made between CEO’s and other organizational leaders followed by for-profit and non-profit organizations. A matrix was designed to allow for differences in various organizations. The matrix is used to generalize analysis of change leadership as it applies to situations other than executives at large organizations. Each cell explanationRead More The Dilemma of Women Essay1817 Words   |  8 PagesThe Dream of an Hour(Wyatt, online). It was reprinted in St. Louis Life on January 5, 1895. (The Story of an Hour, online) â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, describes the different emotions Louise Mallard feels after hearing about her husband, who was thought to have died in a train accident. Mrs. Mallard suffers from heart problems therefore her sister, Josephine, tries to tell her of the terrible news in a soft way. Mrs. Mallard locks herself in her room to immediately grieve over the loss of her husbandRead MoreBiographical Summary On Frankenstein1926 Words   |  8 Pages Critical analysis The novel Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, was a piece written in 1817 during a time when women weren’t considered to be adequate authors. Shelley’s work is both intriguing as it is thought provoking. She brings to light the true nature of society and life altogether when tested. She factors in how the outside world can influence our choices in writing. George Levine from â€Å"The Ambiguous Heritage of Frankenstein† and Benjamin Truitt from â€Å"Frankenstein Critical Analysis and LiteraryRead MoreMalcolm X: Historical Perceptions3235 Words   |  13 Pagessources and most important, their own perspective of the events as they unfolded. How historians approached Malcolm X is of paramount importance to future historians and more importantly, to the study of history. Principally, these differences of thought and perspective are greatly determined by the writers context, which in turn is at the core of the focus question, concerning the historiographical issue whet her each generation writes the same history in a new way. Furthermore the purpose of thisRead MoreLike The Molave Critical Analysis3058 Words   |  13 Pagesindependence. Significantly, the speaker uses Rizal as an icon for empowerment because of his well-known belief of youth as hope of the nation. The line â€Å"†¦The land has need of young blood – and, what younger than your own, forever spilled in the great name of freedom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ affirms such notion that the persona’s concern in the poem pertains to the young generation who should bear on or uphold our country’s independence and freedom achieved in bloody wars that took countless of heroic lives. EvidentlyRead MoreOperations Management in Hotels2198 Words   |  9 Pagespurpose by advertising and selling the service produced. Fig. 2 summarizes the interaction relationships among operations management and other organizations functions. [pic] Accordingly, the critical decisions of operations management that have great impact on the firms strategy and productivity are service and product design, quality management, process and capacity design, location, layout design, human resources and job design, supply-chain management, inventory planning, intermediate and short-term